An invalid inference. An argument can be assessed by deductive standards to see if the conclusion would have to be true if the premises were to be true. If the argument cannot meet this standard, it is
invalid. An argument is invalid only if it is not an instance of any valid argument form. The fallacy of invalid reasoning is a formal fallacy.
Example:
If it's raining, then there are clouds in the sky. It's not raining. Therefore, there are no clouds in the sky.
This invalid argument is an instance of
denying the antecedent. Any invalid inference that is also inductively very weak is a
non sequitur.
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